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- <text id=89TT2775>
- <title>
- Oct. 23, 1989: America Abroad
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Oct. 23, 1989 Is Government Dead?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 50
- America Abroad
- Pereztroika
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Strobe Talbott/Caracas
- </p>
- <p> The ghost of Karl Marx was even unhappier than usual last week.
- In Moscow Alan Greenspan, guru of Republican capitalism and
- chairman of the Federal Reserve, tutored top Soviet officials in
- remedial economics. In Hungary the country's ruling party shed its
- Communist label. And in Caracas ranking socialist leaders of the
- First and Third Worlds -- President Francois Mitterrand of France,
- 72, on a tour of Latin America, and President Carlos Andres Perez
- of Venezuela, 66 -- agreed on the virtues of the free market.
- </p>
- <p> Mitterrand's conversion came early in his presidency, during
- the mid-1980s. His initial attempts to bash the private sector
- through a program of nationalization and state planning, coupled
- with a wealth tax, drove capital out of the country and cost
- workers their jobs. But he learned to make compromises with
- conservative politicians and alliances with industrialists to
- promote investment and stimulate employment.
- </p>
- <p> Perez's odyssey has been much more dramatic. Not only is he
- changing his habits of thinking and governing, but he is trying to
- change the way his country develops. Like Mitterrand, Perez has
- been a socialist since his youth. He is still vice president, under
- Willy Brandt, of the Socialist International. During an earlier
- presidential term in the '70s, he nationalized Venezuela's oil
- industry, slapped controls on prices and interest rates, mandated
- wage boosts, increased regulation of agriculture and made
- government-subsidized loans to low-income city dwellers, peasants
- and small businessmen. Perez personified the socialist conviction
- that the common good can best be bought with public money. But by
- the time he left office, Venezuela was suffering from a massive
- deficit and high inflation, which were followed by a recession and
- crippling foreign debt when the oil boom turned to bust.
- </p>
- <p> During the next ten years, Perez regarded as proteges two young
- fellow socialists -- Felipe Gonzalez Marquez, who became Prime
- Minister of Spain in 1982, and Alan Garcia Perez, who has been
- President of Peru since 1985. Much like his neighbor Mitterrand,
- Gonzalez has become an apostle of "market socialism," and he is
- virtually assured of re-election when Spaniards go to the polls
- later this month. Garcia, by contrast, stuck with policies similar
- to those Perez had followed in his own first term. Peru now faces
- economic disaster, and Garcia is almost certain to be defeated next
- year. After a visit to Lima last year, Perez looked down from his
- plane at the horrible slums below, shook his head and said, sadly
- and simply, "This doesn't work."
- </p>
- <p> "This" was traditional socialism. Shortly after returning to
- office in January, Perez let most interest rates float and ended
- almost all price controls. He has now begun privatizing some
- state-owned industries. He calls the program el Gran Viraje -- the
- Big Shift -- or sometimes, with a smile, Pereztroika.
- </p>
- <p> The pun hints at a serious truth: the counterrevolution
- sweeping the Communist world has made possible what Perez calls
- the "de-ideologization" of politics in the Third World. That means
- Perez, who had to cope with bloody riots sparked by price increases
- in February, is at least spared having to worry about some Third
- World minion of the Kremlin accusing him of socialist heresy. The
- real perestroika makes Perez's version look tame -- and more
- promising -- by comparison.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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